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Welcome to the Estill Education Fund, a not-for-profit foundation dedicated to the support of projects and scholarship awards furthering education in the Estill Voice Model and Estill Voice Training®. Donations to the Fund in Jo Estill’s memory are now being accepted.

1974 TO PRESENT

Browse your way through this list to trace the DEVELOPMENT & APPLICATION of the Estill Voice Model™. Chronological References in Voice Quality: Publications, Videos and Presentations.

PUBLICATIONS

Colton RH and Estill J (1981). Elements of Voice Quality: Perceptual, Acoustic and Physiologic Aspects. Chapter in N. J. Lass (Ed), Vol V, SPEECH AND LANGUAGE: Advances in Basic Research and Practice. Academic Press: New York.

Estill J (1988). Belting and Classic Voice Quality: Some Physiological Differences. Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 3:37-43

Yanagisawa E and Estill J (1989). The Contribution of Aryepiglottic Constriction to “Ringing Voice Quality. Journal of Voice, 3:342-350

Yanagisawa E, Kmucha ST, and Estill J (1990). The Role of the Soft Palate in Laryngeal Function and in Selected Voice Qualities. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 99:18-28

Yanagisawa E, Kmucha ST, and Estill J (1990). Endolaryngeal Changes During High Intensity Phonation: Video Laryngoscopic Observations. Journal of Voice, 4:346-354

Yanagisawa E, Mambrino L, Estill J, and Talkin D (1991). Supraglottic Contributions to Pitch Raising. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 100:19-30

Honda K, Hirai H, Estill J, and Takhura Y (1994). Contribution of Vocal Tract Shape to Voice Quality: MRI Data and Articulatory Modeling. In O Fujimura and M Hirano (Eds), Vocal Fold Physiology: Voice Quality Control. Singular Publishing: San Diego.

Estill J, Fujimura O, Sawada A, and Beechler K (1994). Temporal Perturbation and Voice Qualities. In P Davis and N Fletcher (Eds), Vocal Fold Physiology: Controlling Complexity and Chaos. Singular Publishing Group: San Diego.

Citardi M, Yanagisawa E, and Estill J (1996). Videoendoscopic Analysis of Laryngeal Function During Laughter. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 105(7):545-549

Steinhauer K and Grayhack JP (2000). The role of knowledge of results in performance and learning of a voice motor task. Journal of Voice, 14 (2), 137-145.

Steinhauer K, Grayhack J, Smiley-Oyen A, Shaiman S, and McNeil M. (2004). The Relationship among voice onset, voice quality, and fundamental frequency: a dynamical perspective. Journal of Voice, 18(4):432-42

Estill J, Klimek M, Obert K, and Steinhauer K. (2005). Estill Voice Training® Level One Workbook: Figures for Voice Control. Estill Voice International.

Estill J, Klimek M, Obert K, and Steinhauer K. (2005). Estill Voice Training® Level Two Workbook: Figure Combinations for Six Voice Qualities. Estill Voice International.

Lombard L and Steinhauer K. (2007). A novel treatment for hypophonic voice: twang therapy. Journal of Voice, 21(3):294-9

Steinhauer K and Estill J. (2008). The Estill Voice Model™: Physiology of Emotion. In K. Izdebski (Ed.) Emotions of the Human Voice. San Diego: Plural Publishing.

Lott, J. (2014). The Use of the Twang Technique in Voice Therapy. Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders, 24(3), 119–123. https://doi.org/10.1044/VVD24.3.119

Tellis, C. M. (2014). Integrated Implicit-Explicit Learning Approach to Voice Therapy. Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders, 24(3), 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1044/VVD24.3.111

Fantini, M., Fussi, F., Crosetti, E., & Succo, G. (2017). Estill voice training® and voice quality control in contemporary commercial singing: An exploratory study. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 42(4), 146-152

Steinhauer K, Klimek M, and Estill J. (2017). The Estill Voice Model: Theory and Translation. Pittsburgh:Estill Voice International. See known errata list here.

Tellis, C. (2018). New Concepts in Motor Learning and Training Related to Voice Rehabilitation. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 3(3), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.1044/PERSP3.SIG3.56

Estill J, Klimek M, Obert K, and Steinhauer K. (2019). Estill Voice Training® Level One Workbook: Figures for Voice Control (2nd ed.). Estill Voice International.

Estill J, Klimek M, Obert K, and Steinhauer K. (2019). Estill Voice Training® Level Two Workbook: Figure Combinations for Six Voice Qualities (2nd ed.). Estill Voice International.

Barone, N. A., Ludlow, C. L., & Tellis, C. M. (2021). Acoustic and Aerodynamic Comparisons of Voice Qualities Produced After Voice Training. Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation, 35(1), 157.e11-157.e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JVOICE.2019.07.011

Grillo, E. U. (2021a). Functional voice assessment and therapy methods supported by telepractice, voiceevalu8, and Estill Voice Training®. Seminars in Speech and Language, 42(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722753

Grillo, E. U. (2021b). A nonrandomized trial for student teachers of an in-person and telepractice global voice prevention and therapy model with Estill Voice Training® assessed by the voiceevalu8 app. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 30(2), 566–583. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_AJSLP-20-00200

UNPUBLISHED PAPERS

Yanagisawa E, Mambrino L, Estill J, and Talkin D (1991). Voluntary Control of the Soft Palate in Phonation. (Unpublished)

Estill J and Baer T (1991). Electroglottographic Measurements of Six Normal Voice Qualities. (Unpublished)

Note: There are about 15 other papers that were written but not submitted for publication.

VIDEOS

PBS/TV NEWTON’S APPLE, Program #209, “What makes our voices so different?” A 6-minute segment from this children’s science program explaining the Source-Filter theory of voice produciton with host, Ira Flatow.

Year Program
1988 The Contribution of Aryepiglottic Constriction to “Ringing” Voice Quality.


Yanagisawa E, Estill J, and Kmucha ST.


A 20-minute film confirming Garcia’s (1855) observation that aryepiglottic constriction is a feature of brilliant, high-intensity singing.
1989 The Role of the Soft Palate in Laryngeal Function and in Selected Voice Qualities.


Yanagisawa E, Kmucha ST, and Estill J.


An 11-minute film documenting the activity of the soft palate in normal laryngeal functions and the independence of the palate from the activity of the larynx and aryepiglottic sphincter.
1990 Supraglottic Contributions to Pitch Raising.


Yanagisawa E, Mambrino L, Estill J, and Talkin D.


A film using dual endoscopy to show the simultaneous action of the soft palate, the pharynx and the larynx as subjects raise pitch in each of 6 different voice qualities.
1991 The Voluntary Control of the Soft Palate.


Yanagisawa E, Mambrino L, Estill J, and Talkin D.


A 10-minute film documenting the ability of subjects to control the opening of the velopharyngeal port. It also shows that with retraction of the false folds, the opening of the velar port widens and with “anchoring,” the soft palate rises.
1991 Laryngeal Constriction and Its Retraction.


Estill J and Yanagisawa E.


An exposition of the two functions of the larynx: one, its natural closure function, the other, the motor function demonstrating the independent control of true and false folds that overrides the natural closure mechanism.
1995 The Laughing Larynx.


Yanagisawa E, Citardi M, and Estill J.


A 6-minute film looking at the role of the larynx in laughter on different vowels, at different frequencies and in 6 different voice qualities. It again shows the independent control of the true and false folds.

PAPERS & PRESENTATIONS

Brewer DW, McCall GW, and Estill J. (1974). Fiberoptic films of the nasopharynx during singing. Film presented to the 3rd Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, The Juilliard School, New York City.

Brewer DW, Colton RH, and Estill J. (1975). Fiberoptic films of four voice qualities. Film presented to the 4th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, The Juiliard School, New York City.

Colton RH and Estill J. (1975). The acoustic characteristics of selected voice modes. Paper presented to the 4th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, The Juiliard School, New York City.

Estill J and Moore GP. (1975). Fast films of three voice modes: A preliminary look at one frequency at two degrees of vocal effort. Data incorporated into subsequent presentations.

Estill J and Colton RH. (1975). Dynamic ranges and vocal effort for some modes of the singing voice. Paper presented to the Institute for Advanced Study of Communication Processes, University of Florida, Gainesville.

Colton RH and Estill J. (1976). Observations of glottal wave forms in selected phonatory tasks. Poster Session, 91st Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Washington DC, April.

Colton RH and Estill J. (1976). Spectral and glottal wave forms of voice modes. Paper presented to the 5th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, The Juiliard School, New York City.

Colton RH and Estill J. (1976). Perceptual differntiation of voice modes. Paper presented to the 5th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, The Juiliard School, New York City.

Colton RH, Estill J, and Gould LV. (1977). Physiology of voice modes: Vocal Tract characteristics. Paper presented to the 6th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, The Juiliard School, New York City.

Estill J and Colton RH. (1977). ‘Most comfortable’ vocal effort when voice mode is specified. Paper presented to the New York Speech and Hearing Association, April.

Colton RH and Estill J. (1978). Mechanisms of voice quality variation: Voice modes. In V Lawrence (Ed), Transcripts of the 7th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, The Juiliard School, New York City, 1979.

Colton RH and Estill J. (1979). Perceptual aspects of some voice qualities. In JJ Wolf and DH Klatt (Eds), Speech Communication Papers presented to the 97th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Cambridge, Mass.

Estill J and Colton RH. (1979). The identification of some voice qualities. In JJ Wolf and DH Klatt (Eds), Speech Communication Papers presented to the 97th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Cambridge, Mass.

Colton RH and Estill J. (1979). Elements of quality variation: Voice modes and singing. An invited paper, 98th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Estill J and Brewer DW. (1979). Fiberoptic Films of the vocal mechanism during Belting; Preliminary observations.

Estill J. (1980). Observations about the quality called ‘Belting.’ In V Lawrence (Ed). Transcripts of the 9th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, The Juiliard School, New York City, 1981.

Colton RH and Estill J. (1981). Elements of voice quality: Perceptual, acoustic and physiological aspects. Chapter in NJ Lass (Ed), Vol V, SPEECH AND LANGUAGE: Advances in Basic Research and Practice, Adcademic Press, New York City.

Estill J. (1981). An analysis of the spectra of four voice qualities: Speech, Sob, Twang and Opera. In V Lawrence (Ed). Transcripts of the 10th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, The Juiliard School, New York City, 1982.

Estill J. (1982). The control of voice quality. In V Lawrence (Ed). Transcripts of the 11th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, The Juiliard School, New York City, 1983.

Estill J. (1982). An evaluation of the voice quality used in popular singing. Paper presented to the 9th International Symposium, Collegium Medicorum Theatri, New York City, June 1982.

Estill J, Baer T, Honda K, and Harris KS. (1983). Voice quality in singing: An acoustic, electromyographic and glottographic study. An invited paper 105th Meeting, Acoustical Society of America, Cincinnati, OH.

Estill J, Baer T, Honda K, and Harris KS. (1983). The control of pitch and voice quality, Part I: An EMG study of supralaryngeal muscles. In V Lawrence (Ed). Transcripts of the 12th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, The Juiliard School, New York City, 1984.

Estill J, Baer T, Honda K, and Harris KS. (1983). Supralaryngeal activity in a study of six voice qualities. Proceedings of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference. A Askenfelt, S Felicetti, E Jansson, J Sundberg (Eds), Royal Swedish Academy of Music, No 461, 1985.

Estill J, Baer T, Honda K, and Harris KS. (1984). The control of pitch and voice quality, Part II: An EMG study of infrahyoid muscles. In V Lawrence (Ed). Transcripts of the 13th Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, The Juiliard School, New York City, 1985.

Estill J. (1986). An EMG study of two voice qualites: Nasal Twang and Opera with “squillo.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Voice, A Satellite Meeting of the XXth Congress of IALP, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.

Estill J. (1986). A model for subjects in research of voice quality. Proceedings of the International Converence on Voice, A Satellite Meeting of the XXth Congress of IALP, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.

Estill J, Harris KS, and Honda K. (1986). EMG of some extrinsic laryngeal muscles: Their contribution to Speech and Falsetto registers. Proceedings of the XXth Congress of the IALP, Tokyo, Japan.

Honda K and Estill J. (1986). Pitch control in six voice qualities: An EMG study. Proceedings of the XXth Congress of the IALP, Tokyo, Japan.

Ananthapadmanabha TV and Estill J. (1989). Analysis and synthesis of six voice qualities. Paper presented to the 118th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, St. Louis, Missouri.

Estill J, Kobayashi N, Honda K, and Kakita Y. (1990). A study on respiratory and glottal controls in six Western singing qualities: Airflow and intensity measurement of professional singing. In B Fujisaki and S Furui (Eds), Proceedings of the 1990 International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Kobe, Japan.

Estill J. (1991). An examination of the logic of relaxation therapy for functional voice disorders. Paper presented to the Inaugural Voice Symposium of Australia, Adelaide, S Australia.

Estill J. (1991). (1) Compulsory Figures for Voice and (2) Laryngeal constriction and retraction. Two papers presented to the 2nd Meeting of Otorhinolaryngologists, School of Medicine, University of Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Estill J. (1991). Laryngeal constriction and its retraction. Symposium on Voice, British Voice Association, London, England.

Estill J and Yanagisawa E. (1992). Laryngeal constriction: A solution to constriction triggers in music and performance. The 10th Annual Symposium on Medical Problems of Musicians ∓ Dancers, 31 July 1992, Aspen, Colorado.

Estill J, Fujimura O, and Erickson D. (1993). Vocal tract contributions to voice qualities. In A Friberg, J Iwarsson, E Jansson and J Sundberg (Eds) Proceedings (161-165) of the Stockholm Music Acoustics Conference, 28 Jul-1 Aug 1993. Royal Sweedish Academy of Music, No 79, 1995.

Honda K, Hirai H, Estill J, and Tohkura Y. (1994). Contributions of vocal tract shape to voice qualities – MRI data and articulatory modeling. Paper presented to the 8th Vocal Fold Physiology Conference, Kurume, Japan 6-9 April 1994. (see also listed Publications)

Estill J. (1994). Voice Craft with “Compulsory Figures” An alternative model for training voice. Paper presented to the Voice Foundation’s 23rd Symposium: Care of the Prefessional Voice, 6-11 June 1994, Philadelphia, PA.

Estill J. (1994). Belting and Chest Voice Compared. Paper presented to the 7th Pacific Voice Conference, San Francisco, CA 14-16 1994.

Buscemi S, Yanagisawa E, Citardi M, and Estill J. (1995). The role of the aryepiglottic sphincter in the performance of the “messa-di-voce.” Paper presented to the 1st WORLD VOICE CONGRESS, Oporto, Portugal, 9-13 April 1995.

Estill J, Fujimura O, Sawada A, and Beechler K. (1995). Temporal perturbation and voice qualities. Paper presented to the 9th Vocal Fold Physiology Conference, Sydney, Australia, 21-25 May 1995. (see also listed Publications)

Estill J and Fujimura O. (1999). Compulsory Figures for Singing and Therapy. Paper presented to the 2nd World Voice Congress, Sao Paolo, Brazil, 8-12 February 1999.

Estill J and Kmucha S. (2000). An alternative to the Yawn-Sigh Technique. Paper presented to The Voice Foundations’s 29th Annual Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, June 28-July 2, 2000.

Estill J and Colton R. (2001). Seven Physiological Steps to an Opera Quality. Paper presented to The Voice Foundations’s 30th Annual Symposium: Care of the Professional Voice, June 13-17, 2001.

Kawahara H, Fujimura O, and Estill J. (2001). Aperiodicity extraction and control delay manipulation for a high quality speech analysis, modification and synthesis system. Paper presented at the 2nd International Workshop on Models and Analysis of Vocal Emissions for Biomedical Applications, 13-15 September 2001, Firenze, Italy. To be published in the Journal: Medical Engineering and Physics (Elsevier Sci.)

ESTILL SOURCE MATERIAL


Estill, J.
(1988).
(The Shiki Papers) A Set of Compulsory Figures for the Master Voice Technician in Speaking, Acting, or Singing. New York City.

Estill, J. (1992). Basic Figures and Exercise Manual. New York City: Imagetech.

Estill, J. (1995). VOICECRAFT: A User’s Guide to Voice Quality. Volume Two: Some Basic Voice Qualities. Santa Rosa, California: Estill Voice Training® Systems.

Estill, J. (1996). Primer of Compulsory Figures: Level One. Santa Rosa, California: Estill Voice Training® Systems.

Estill, J. (1997). Primer of Compulsory Figures, Level Two: Six Basic Voice Qualities. Santa Rosa, California: Estill Voice Training® Systems.

Estill, J. (1997-2000). Level One: Primer of Basic Figures. Santa Rosa, California: Estill Voice Training® Systems.

Estill, J. (2003). Primer of Compulsory Figures: Level One, Revised Edition. Santa Rosa, California: Estill Voice Training® Systems.

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES FOR ESTILL VOICE TRAINING® WORKBOOKS

Ackand, R.D. (1999). Video Atlas of Human Anatomy, Tape 4: The Head and Neck, Part 1. Baltimore, Maryland: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Estill, J. (1997). A Programmed Introduction: Anatomy of the Vocal Instrument. Santa Rosa, California: Estill Voice Training® Systems.

Gray, H. (1974). Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical, 1901 Edition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Running Press.

Hirano, M. (1974). Morphological structure of the vocal cord as a vibrator and its variations. Folia Phoniatrica, 26. 89-94.

Kelso, J.A.S. (1995). Dynamic Patterns: The Self Organization of Brain and Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Kent, R. D. & Read, C. (1992). The Acoustic Analysis of Speech. San Diego, California: Singular Publishing Group.

McMinn, R.M.H., Hutchings, R.T. & Logan, B.M. (1981). Color Atlas of Head and Neck Anatomy. Chicago, Illinois: Year Book Medical Publishers.

McWilliams, B.J., Morris, H.L. & Shelton, R.L. (1990). Cleft Palate Speech. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: B.C. Decker, Inc.

Netter, F. H. (1997). Atlas of Human Anatomy, Second Edition. East Hanover, New Jersey: Novartis.

Shriberg, L.D. & Kent, R.D. (1982). Clinical Phonetics. New York, New York: Macmillan

Seikel, J., King, D.W., & Drumright, D. G. (1997). Anatomy and Physiology for Speech, Language, and Hearing. San Diego, London: Singular Publishing Group.

Stevens, S.S. (1957). On the psychophysical law. Psychological Review, 64: 153-181.

Titze, I. (1994). Principles of Voice Production. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentiss Hall.

Vennard, W. (1967). SINGING the Mechanism and the Technic. New York City: Carl Fischer.

Wallace, S.A. (1996). Dynamic pattern perspective of rhythmic movement: An introduction. In H.N. Zelaznik (Ed.) Advances in Motor Learning and Control (155-194). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics

Zemlin, W.R. (1988). Speech and Hearing Science: Anatomy and Physiology, 3rd Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.